China's reusable experimental spaceplane, known internationally as Shenlong, is drawing renewed attention as it continues a series of long-duration missions in low Earth orbit. A 2026 report by the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) outlines the craft's design and orbital activities.
Built by the state-owned China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Shenlong is an uncrewed vehicle designed to launch aboard a rocket and return to Earth for a runway landing. Its winged configuration and reusable mission profile have drawn comparisons with the U.S. Space Force's X-37B.
Long-duration missions and orbital operations
Shenlong first flew in 2020. Later missions lasted 276 days in 2022 and 268 days in 2023. The DIA said the vehicle released and interacted with an object during its 2023 flight. Its fourth mission began on February 7, 2026, from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
Spaceplanes can maneuver differently from conventional satellites, a feature the DIA says may make them suitable for certain specialized missions. The ability to operate near other objects in orbit could also support practical tasks such as satellite servicing, equipment testing, and debris removal.
As reusable spacecraft develop, their capabilities may broaden the range of services possible in orbit and help shape the next generation of space operations.
